Let’s today understand this phenomenon in semiconductor materials. While I know you say current-carrying conductor to define the hall effect since there are no holes in the conductor (

To understand the Hall Effect we will require two supporting physical concepts;

1. Lorentz force and
2. Fleming’s left-hand rule that we will apply to the semiconductor material.

Let’s see Fleming’s left-hand rule:

From the above picture, you can understand the basic concept of this rule and how to use it. We will use magnetic force on a charged particle and in our case also magnetic field is perpendicular to the semiconductor material. Let’s make a broader view of this concept in the sample and apply it to the charge carrier.

Our first motto is to find the magnetic force direction on the charged particle (electron). Here, you can see that the magnetic field is on the downward side, and a current is in the right direction, so as per Fleming’s left-hand rule we can check the magnetic force direction. Because the magnetic field is perpendicular, electrons start to drift towards the back face and start to accumulate there, and this process keeps continues until equal and opposite electric forces do not balance it. This is called the equilibrium state, and no more deflection for the charge carriers now. (A short formulation you can see in the right side of the above picture.)

Here Balanced Force

F_magnetic =F_electric

and we define the Hall field in terms of the drift velocity of the electrons. Later to define the Hall voltage and Hall coefficient we define the current density and substitute v_d value from here into eq (1).

The Hall voltage

V_H=- I B/n e t

where I is current, B applied magnetic field, n charge carrier density, e charge of the electron and t is the thickness. R_h = -1/ne is the hall coefficient.

Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs

1Q: What hall effect experiment signifies?

Answer: 1. determination of types of superconductor, 2. calculation of carrier concentration., 3. determination of mobility, 4. determination of magnetic flux density, 5. proximity sensor, Hall sensor, and hall probe.

2Q: What do you understand from Lorentz’s force? 

2 Answer. When a charged particle is placed or moving in the presence of the electric and magnetic field, the total force due to these fields on the charged particle is known as Lorentz force.

3Q. What is Fleming’s, Left-Hand Rule?

Answer: By picture, it is shown in the picture, where the magnetic force on the charged particle, magnetic field, and current direction are perpendicular to each other. It is just to show the magnetic force direction on a charged particle in the presence of the external magnetic field when a charged particle enters.

4Q: Which material (Conductor, Semiconductor, insulator) has been used to explain the Hall Effect?

4 Answer. Semiconductor

5Q: The direction of the current X-axis, Magnetic field direction is Z-axis, how do you will determine the Hall voltage with the help of the majority charge carrier?

5 Answer: The majority of charge accumulate at one face which is free from the magnetic field direction, and the direction of the current. When it happens a potential difference occurs between this and on the opposite face.

6Q: When a charge passes through the magnetic field, a force act on it. What is the formula for that?

6 Answer: F = qvBSinθ

7Q: Similarly in the presence of an electric field a force act on the charged particle, what is that formula?

7 Answer: F= qE

8Q: In the presence of electric and magnetic fields, the two forces (electric and magnetic forces) will be ;

a. equal in magnitude and opposite in directions, or

b. different in magnitude but the same in direction

8 Answer: a

9Q: Does Hall Voltage can be created with the conductor and insulator too?

9 Answer: No

Watch Hall Effect Video

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10Q: Can you determine the type of semiconductor and concentration of charge carriers with the help of the Hall Coefficient?

10 answer: in n-type semiconductors the hall coefficient is negative

11Q. What Hall Coefficient signifies in the hall effect experiment?

11 Answer: The sign of the hall coefficient signifies the nature of the semiconductor material.

12Q. What is hall sensor ?

A Hall sensor is a device that can measure the strength of a magnetic field. It is named after American physicist Edwin Hall, who discovered the Hall effect in 1879.

A Hall sensor is typically made from a thin, flat piece of semiconductor material, such as silicon. A small electric current is passed through the semiconductor, and a magnetic field perpendicular to the current flow is applied. This creates a voltage across the semiconductor, which is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field.

Hall sensors are used in a wide range of applications, including:

Proximity detection:

Hall sensors can be used to detect the presence or absence of a nearby magnet, for example in a door sensor or a position sensor.

Current sensing:

Hall sensors can be used to measure the current flowing through a conductor, for example in an electrical circuit or a motor.

Angle sensing:

Hall sensors can be used to measure the rotation of a shaft or wheel, for example in an automotive sensor or a robotic joint.

Magnetic field measurement:

Hall sensors can be used to measure the strength and direction of a magnetic field, for example in a compass or a magnetometer.

Overall, Hall sensors are versatile and sensitive devices that have many practical applications in electronics, engineering, and science.

What is the principle of the Hall effect?
How many types of Hall effect are there?
What are the two forces in Hall effect?
हॉल इफेक्ट कितने प्रकार के होते हैं?
Why Hall effect is used?
What is the formula for Hall voltage?
What is the Hall effect used for Mcq?
What is Hall effect and its expression?
What is Hall effect in physics class 12?
What is the Hall effect pattern?
Why is it called Hall effect?
Why semiconductor is used in Hall effect?
What is the unit of Hall coefficient?

NOTE:

These questions may help you to understand the experiment properly. I also understand that I have missed the answers and you might face difficulty to get the answer. Soon I will try to add answers in the quiz form. OR you can suggest to me the best way.