Planck’s Constant Experiment Viva Questions: Planck’s Constant using LED Determination of Planck’s constant by using light-emitting diodes (LEDs). APPARATUS: Planck’s constant kit, wires, graph paper, and 3-4 LEDs. FORMULA USED: Planck’s constant is h = eV /ν, where e is an electronic charge, V is […]
Semiconductor Diode Characteristics To determine the V-I Characteristics of a p n junction diode To draw the characteristics means behavior of current in forward and reverse bias of a semiconductor junction diode. This diode either made by silicon or germanium which has atomic number Z=14 or […]
Atomic Physics |Anomalous Zeeman effect In atomic physics, we observe the interaction of the magnetic field with a magnetic dipole moment. Its interpretation is complex when S’≠0. The Lorentz classical theory can’t explain the interaction theory and further the splitting of energy levels. But remember, […]
In this table, basic physical quantities that are used in magnetic materials are included. The symbol and conversion from one magnetic unit to the other. This conversion will be helpful in numerical problems. Quantity Symbol SI Unit CGS emu Unit Conversion Remarks Magnetic Induction or […]
Zeeman Effect Introduction Zeeman Effect was observed In 1896, by the Zeeman (the Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman) that, when an atom is placed in an external magnetic field, and then it excited, the spectral lines emits in the deexcitation process are split into several components. […]
I start it with a simple example of a classroom. As you know, in the classroom when there is no teacher students sit in random directions. While the teacher enters the classroom all the students get aligned towards the teacher. The orientation of students because […]
Single-mode step-index fiber: Core diameter: 7 to 11 μm Cladding diameter: generally 125 μm Coating diameter: 200 to 300 μm Numerical aperture: 0.08 to 0.15 Performance: 2 to 5 dB/km with a scattering limit of around 1 dB/km at a wavelength of 0.85 μm Bandwidth: Greater than 500 […]
Signal attenuation within the optical fibers is usually expressed in the logarithmic unit of the decibel. Decibel is defined by the input and output power ratio of the signal for a specific operating wavelength. The overall signal attenuation is defined by the number of dB, […]
Ray Theory Transmission Let’s see what happens when a light ray encounters a boundary separating two different media? In the figure given below, n1 and n2 are the refractive indices of the two media. Here n1 & n2 represents the denser and rare mediums respectively. The […]